Rational Rose Tools Interview Questions
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Describe your understanding regarding ABAP data dictionary.
ABAP is the abbreviation for the phrase Advances Business Application Programming, for data dictionary it is responsible for describing the logical structure of the objects which are used in development of applications; they are used to show how these objects are mapped to the underlying relational database in both tables and views.
Describe the so called domain and data elements.
Domain is a central object used in the description of technical characteristics of attributes pertaining to particular business objects and gives the details regarding the value range of the specified field whereas the data element is the element used in defining table fields, they describe the manners in which fields can be displayed to the end user.
Describe your notion regarding the foreign key relationship.
This is the kind of key that one can define within the tables and also they have to be explicitly defined the field levels, their main significance is the enforcement of data consistency in a manner that data entered are crossed checked against other data including metadata to ascertain that there exists no contradiction., in the process of defining the foreign key, one is usually faced with the task of defining the cardinality as well, this cardinality is the one responsible for mentioning the number of dependent records as well as the ways in which the referencing the records will be possible.
What do you understand by the term data classes?
Data classes are the categories regarding divisions of data with respect to various functions as described below:
Master data: This is the form of data that changes rarely.
Transaction data: This is the form of data that is changed frequently.
Organizational data: this is customized data entered into the system during the system configuration and it rarely changes.
System data: It is the data needed by the R/3 system in order to function correctly and not necessarily needed by the user.
Describe your notion regarding the term index.
These are the copies of database tables that have been reduced to specific fields, they exist in sorted form thus helps in speeding up access, in order for one to read the fields as well, the index include pointers which point to the particular record of the given actual table, these indexes are usually activated hand in with the table and automatically created within the particular table in the database.
State the difference regarding the following terms: Transparent table and spooled table.
Transparent table is the type of table in the dictionary having a one to one relationship with other tables in the database and it is in such a way that it has a structure corresponding to a single database field whereas pooled tables are the types of tables in the dictionary which have many to many relationship with other tables in the database. The tables in the database usually have different names. These pooled tables are usually stored in the table pool found at the database level.
Describe your Understanding regarding the ABAP/4 Query.
Advances Business Application Programming 4 query is very powerful tool used in the generation of reports without the need to use codes. Advances Business Application Programming 4 query generates the following reports:
Basic List: This is just a simple report
Statistics: These are the kind of reports with functions regarding statistics e.g. mean, percentages etc.
Ranked List: These are used to create the analytical reports; these may involve the creation of Advances Business Application Programming 4 query, Here the programmer is faced with the task of creating the function groups as well as user groups. The creation of these function groups can be done with or without the use of the logical database tables. After this, the user group is assigned to the functional group and finally the creation of query in this functional group which has been generated.
Describe your Understanding regarding the so called BDC programming.
BDC (Batch Data Communication) programming is the automatic procedure of batch input of data where by the central component for the transfer is a queue file. This queue file receives data through the batch input programs, and groups the associated data into the so called sessions. It essentially important during the transfer of large data, external data or even the legacy data into a System Application and Products (SAP) system with the use of the so called batch input programming.
Name the functional modules which are used in sequence in the BDC.
There exist three functional modules used in a sequence in order to perform successful transfer of data with the use of the BDC programming. These are BDC_OPEN_GROUP,
the following parameters have to be specified in this function: Client’s name, username as well as the session. The BDC_INSERT, this is used for inserting data regarding a single transaction into a session. The BDC_CLOSE_GROUP – used for closing the batch input session
Describe the Internal tables.
These are standard data type objects which are available only during the runtime of a given program. They assist in reorganizing the contents of certain tables according to users needs and also perform calculations regarding subsets of the database tables.
Describe the ITS and give its main advantages.
ITS is the acronym for Internet Transaction Server and is responsible for interfacing the HTTP server to the R3 system, this is responsible for screen conversion, provision of data by the R/3 system into the hyper text mark up language (HTML) documents and the reverse.
Advantages include
What do you understand by the term DynPro?
The term DynPro is an acronym for the phrase Dynamic Programming. This is a combination of screen as well as the associated flow logic screens.
Describe your understanding regarding screen and menu painters.
Screen painters are the tools which assist in design and maintenance of the screens as well as the pertinent elements allowing users to make Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) screens for the transactions. The elements of the screen painter involve the layouts, the attributes, the field attributes, as well as the flow logic.
Menu painters are the tools used in the design of the interface components, these components include: menu bars, status bar, menu lists, functions and titles, as well as the F-Key settings. Both the Menu painter and the screen painters are graphical interfaces of the Advances Business Application Programming /4 applications.
Name the components of the SAP scripts.
The following are the components:
Standard text: This is similar to the normal standard document
Layout set: They consist of the components below:
Paragraph formats, windows and pages and the Character formats.
When creating forms in the r/3 system, it is worth noting that every layout set will consist of the header paragraph, as well as the character string.
Describe your understanding regarding the ALV programming in the ABAP and state the times when it is used in this system.
ALV is the acronym for the Application List Viewer. There is a provision of a set of the ALV in the in Sap referred to as the ABAP LIST VIEWER which is the function modules which one can put into use when embellishing the output report. This is the set of the ALV functions which assists in enhancing the readability as well as the functionality of any given report output, in situations where the output report consist of more than 255 characters in any of the columns, the ALV function becomes responsible for ensuring that selected columns are chosen and also arranging the varied columns from the given report output as well as saving the varied variants for the report display. It is a very efficient tool as it helps in sorting the columns dynamically as well as arranging the columns from the output of a report. This report output can contain a maximum of ninety columns in the display and can also contain a very wide array of options regarding the display.
Name the events in the ABAP/4 language.
The following are the events in the ABAP/4 language:
Start of selection
Initialization
Top-of-page
Get
At line section
End of page
End of selection
At user command
At pf
At selection screen
At last
At end
At new
At first
Get
Describe CTS and write short notes about it.
CTS is the acronym for the phrase Change and Transport System.
It is a tool used in organizing the development projects in the Advances Business Application Programming workbench as well as in customizing and communicating/transporting changes which occur between the SAP systems and the clients in a given system landscape.
Documentation offers instructions on how to handle changes with the CTS as well as the instructions regarding how to set up a system and the landscape for the client and how to decide on the transport strategy. It is this documentation that is read and followed by the project developers.
Describe the term logical database, giving its advantages and disadvantages.
Logical database is the database used in reading the data from a given database table. They provide a read-only access to the given group of related tables to the Advances business Application programming/4 program
The following are the advantages:
i) It consists of the check functions which assist to ensure that the user’s input is correct, complete and plausible.
ii) They perform meaningful data selection
iii) They protect the database by providing a central authorization checks.
iv) It offers a good read access performance and retains the hierarchical view of the data as determined by the logics in the application.
The following are the disadvantages:
i) GET event never occurs if the program attributes has not been provided with the specifications regarding the logical database.
ii) There exists no END GET command implying that a given code-block only ends when the next event statement is encountered. For instance when another GET or END-OF-SELECTION is encountered
Describe the term batch input session.
This is an intermediary step which occurs between the database table and the internal table. The data as well as the action is stored inside the session. These are the data for the screen fields, which the screen is passed to, and the program name as well as the information regarding the procedure for processing the next field.
How can one upload data with the help of CATT?
When faced with the task of uploading data with the help of the CATT, the following is the recommended procedure:
- Create the CATT test case
- Record the sample data input
- Download the template for the source file
- Modify the source file
- Upload the source file data
Define Smart forms.
These are the kind of forms which allow users to create other forms with the use of design tools which are graphical in nature. They have very robust functionalities as well as color and many other features. Further more, the new Smart Form solution will be used to make all the new forms which will be developed at SAP.
Explain the different between the dependent and the independent data.
Independent data are the so called client dependent data. The transfer of these data includes either the cross-client objects or the client-specific objects in the change request. SAPscripts, which are part of the workbench objects, are client specific where as some entries regarding the customizations are client independent. When one displays the object list for a certain specified change request and then followed by the object attribute for each object, one would find the client-specific flag. A transport is considered client dependent when it has at least one object in the task list bearing this flag.
Differentiate a macro from a subroutine.
The difference between a macro and a subroutine is that macros are used only in the programs in which they have been defined in, and this can happen only after the definition has been expanded which in turn occurs during the compilation or the generation. In contrast, the subroutine, also known as FORM is called from any program. A macro is more like an abbreviation of certain specific line of code which can be re-used severally. A FORM is generally a local subroutine that one can call externally. A FUNCTION on the other hand is like a subroutine called particularly externally. In the case of a subroutine, only the local, usually refereed to as the internal will use a FORM. On the other hand, the external, which can be used by several programs, will use a function. It is recommended that developers avoid the use of MACROS as much as possible for it is clear that debugging them usually does not constitute an easy task.
Describe the relative speeds between the Call transactions and the Session method.
Regarding speeds, it is prominent that the call transaction tends to be faster than the session method though people use session method in real-time systems since it can assist in transferring a larger amount of data from the internal table up to the database and the process won’t complete in an event of an error until when the particular error is corrected.
Give the difference between the interactive and the Drilldown reports.
Advances business Application programming/4 is responsible for the provision of some interactive events on lists; these include the AT LINE-SELECTION or the AT USER COMMAND. One can use these to assist him move through layers of information regarding particular items on the lists whereas the drilldown reports are only responsible for provision of comfortable functions for navigation.
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